{"id":11102,"date":"2021-10-29T14:25:14","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T18:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/using-fme-to-generate-3d-buildings-models-from-lidar-data-in-four-simple-steps\/"},"modified":"2021-10-29T14:32:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-29T18:32:15","slug":"modeliser-des-batiments-en-3d-a-partir-de-donnees-lidar-en-4-etapes-avec-fme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/fr\/modeliser-des-batiments-en-3d-a-partir-de-donnees-lidar-en-4-etapes-avec-fme\/","title":{"rendered":"Mod\u00e9liser des b\u00e2timents en 3D \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es LiDAR en 4 \u00e9tapes avec FME"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_section et_pb_with_background et_section_regular breadcrumbs_section\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\" et_pb_row breadcrumbs_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 breadcrumbs_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_code et_pb_module breadcrumbs_module\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/fr\/\">Accueil<\/a><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- .et_pb_code -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- .et_pb_column -->\n\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- .et_pb_row -->\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime;][et_pb_row background_position=\u00a0\u00bbtop_left\u00a0\u00bb background_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbrepeat\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbinitial\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.8&Prime; 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header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb vertical_offset_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; horizontal_offset_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime;]<\/p>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es sont un des cinq <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/fr\/5-leviers-a-utiliser-pour-ameliorer-sa-performance-geospatiale\/\" rel=\"noopener\">leviers<\/a> \u00e0 prendre en compte pour am\u00e9liorer sa performance g\u00e9ospatiale. Leur co\u00fbt d\u2019acquisition \u00e9tant relativement \u00e9l\u00e9v\u00e9, l\u2019utilisation de donn\u00e9es LiDAR par les gestionnaires SIG devient maintenant une option de plus en plus accessible et abordable. Dans ce billet, nous allons d\u00e9montrer comment vous pouvez utiliser ce type de donn\u00e9es pour mod\u00e9liser des b\u00e2timents en 3D avec FME.<\/p>\n<p>Pourquoi avoir choisi cet exemple? Voici trois raisons\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Avec les changements climatiques, les g\u00e9omaticiens re\u00e7oivent plus de demandes pour simuler des al\u00e9as de type inondation ou incendie;<\/li>\n<li>Les d\u00e9cideurs ainsi que le public ont besoin d\u2019un visuel en 3D pour bien comprendre l\u2019impact des d\u00e9cisions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la planification urbaine;<\/li>\n<li>En tant que gestionnaire SIG, vous avez souvent peu de temps pour le faire!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bien que la suite ArcGIS poss\u00e8de des outils pour la gestion des donn\u00e9es LiDAR, nous consid\u00e9rons que l\u2019utilisation de FME s\u2019av\u00e8re judicieuse pour simplifier les traitements, ajouter de la valeur aux donn\u00e9es, ainsi que pour faciliter l\u2019automatisation lors du traitement de grand volume de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Pour r\u00e9aliser l\u2019exemple de cet article, nous avons utilis\u00e9 un jeu de donn\u00e9es ouvertes d\u2019une partie du territoire de l\u2019\u00eele de Montr\u00e9al. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, nous avons t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/montreal.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/Viewer\/index.html?appid=0e6890209c024ef88a73cbc0bb6a3308\" rel=\"noopener\">Une tuile de donn\u00e9es LiDAR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.donneesquebec.ca\/recherche\/dataset\/vmtl-batiment-2d\" rel=\"noopener\">Les empreintes de b\u00e2timents au sol (polygones)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vous \u00eates pr\u00eats \u00e0 passer \u00e0 l\u2019action et \u00e0 mod\u00e9liser votre territoire pour mieux r\u00e9pondre aux demandes de vos coll\u00e8gues, dirigeants et citoyens? Suivez ces quatre \u00e9tapes!<\/p>\n<h2><strong>1. Int\u00e9gration du LiDAR<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Une fois les donn\u00e9es t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9es, nous devons tout d\u2019abord les int\u00e9grer dans l\u2019application FME et les visualiser gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019outil <em>Inspector<\/em>. \u00c0 ce point, il est essentiel de comprendre que FME associera un nuage de points LiDAR \u00e0 des composants (<em>components<\/em>) sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 chaque point. Ainsi, il vous sera possible d\u2019acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019information attributaire d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e9ment en plus de pouvoir visualiser le nuage dans son ensemble.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11088\" style=\"width: 665px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-lidar.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11088\" class=\"wp-image-11088 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-lidar.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"655\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-lidar.png 655w, https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-lidar-480x254.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 655px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-11088\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration de l\u2019Inspector lors de la lecture d\u2019une tuile de donn\u00e9es LiDAR.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2><strong>2. Filtrage des donn\u00e9es<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir valid\u00e9 la coh\u00e9rence et la structure de vos donn\u00e9es sources, FME vous permettra de filtrer ces derni\u00e8res \u00e0 l\u2019aide de plusieurs <em>transformers<\/em>, tel que le <em>PointCloudFilter<\/em>. Cet outil vous donnera le pouvoir d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux composants des points et de les filtrer selon vos besoins. Pour la mod\u00e9lisation des b\u00e2timents, nous voulons s\u00e9parer les points en fonction de leur standard de classification (sol, b\u00e2timents, etc.). L\u2019illustration du bas repr\u00e9sente la succession des \u00e9tapes \u00e0 suivre afin d\u2019arriver \u00e0 ce r\u00e9sultat.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-lidar-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11092 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-lidar-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"764\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-lidar-1.png 764w, https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-lidar-1-480x142.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 764px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 ce stade, il faut associer l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation au niveau du sol aux empreintes de b\u00e2timents en utilisant les points de la \u00ab\u00a0classe sol\u00a0\u00bb pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une surface homog\u00e9n\u00e9is\u00e9e, sous forme de raster. Le <em>transformer<\/em> <em>SurfaceModeller<\/em> sera votre alli\u00e9 dans ce processus. Il permettra de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un mod\u00e8le num\u00e9rique de terrain en se basant sur un algorithme de triangulation param\u00e9trable.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11094\" style=\"width: 263px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-lidar.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11094\" class=\"wp-image-11094 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-lidar.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-lidar.png 253w, https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-lidar-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-11094\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration du <em>raster<\/em> g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 avec nos polygones repr\u00e9sentant les empreintes au sol des b\u00e2timents.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2><strong>3. Traitement du <em>raster<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Avec ce <em>raster<\/em>, nous poss\u00e9dons tous les outils afin de pouvoir associer son \u00e9l\u00e9vation au sol avec les polygones repr\u00e9sentant les contours des b\u00e2timents. Les <em>transformers SurfaceDraper<\/em> et <em>BoundsExtractor<\/em> nous permettront de mener \u00e0 bien cette \u00e9tape. Ainsi, \u00e0 ce moment du traitement, nous aurons associ\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du mod\u00e8le num\u00e9rique de terrain \u00e0 chacun des n\u0153uds des polygones. Une derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape sera requise afin de \u00ab\u00a0forcer\u00a0\u00bb les polygones \u00e0 int\u00e9grer une composante d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation (Z) avec l\u2019outil <em>3DForcer<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Maintenant que l\u2019altitude au niveau du sol a \u00e9t\u00e9 extraite et associ\u00e9e \u00e0 chacune des empreintes de b\u00e2timents, il faut obtenir l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du toit des b\u00e2timents. Pour ce faire, nous s\u00e9lectionnons les points du LiDAR qui se trouvent \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des polygones de b\u00e2timents. Tout comme nous l\u2019aurions fait pour des donn\u00e9es bidimensionnelles, il faut utiliser le <em>Clipper<\/em> pour d\u00e9couper la tuile LiDAR en plusieurs objets selon les limites de chacun des b\u00e2timents.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est donc \u00e0 ce moment que nous pourrons extraire l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation des toits. \u00c0 l\u2019aide du <em>PointCloudStatisticsCalculator<\/em>, nous s\u00e9lectionnons l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation maximale de ces derniers\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-4-lidar.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11096 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-4-lidar.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"722\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-4-lidar.png 722w, https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-4-lidar-480x210.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 722px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong><br \/>\n4. Extrusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Si vous avez bien suivi les \u00e9tapes pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes, vous disposerez de tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments n\u00e9cessaires afin de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tape finale, soit l\u2019extrusion tridimensionnelle des b\u00e2timents. Afin de joindre les informations altim\u00e9triques aux empreintes de b\u00e2timents, il faut utiliser le <em>FeatureMerger<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Pour terminer, nous sommes en mesure de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019extrusion gr\u00e2ce au bien nomm\u00e9 transformer <em>Extruder<\/em>. Et c\u2019est alors que la magie op\u00e8re !<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-5-lidar.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11098 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-5-lidar.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"782\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-5-lidar.png 782w, https:\/\/www.consortech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-5-lidar-480x158.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 782px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Les images du haut illustrent la repr\u00e9sentation des polygones extrud\u00e9s dans deux outils de visualisation distincts, soit QGIS et l\u2019<em>Inspector<\/em> de FME. Il est important de savoir que cette mod\u00e9lisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenue en suivant une s\u00e9quence de traitements ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e en moins d\u2019une heure. Le r\u00e9sultat n\u2019est \u00e9videmment pas exactement fid\u00e8le \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, entre autres d\u00fb \u00e0 la mod\u00e9lisation approximative des toits des b\u00e2timents.<\/p>\n<p>Une mod\u00e9lisation de ce type peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer suffisante pour certains usages et pourra aussi \u00eatre raffin\u00e9e pour des clients ayant des exigences plus pr\u00e9cises. Le but de ce billet de blogue n\u2019est \u00e9videmment pas de vous pr\u00e9senter une m\u00e9thode optimale et infaillible, mais plut\u00f4t de d\u00e9montrer la polyvalence de la technologie FME dans le traitement des donn\u00e9es LiDAR ainsi que de vous aider \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de nouvelles id\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_cta _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.10.8&Prime; background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#1e3166&Prime; use_background_color=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb body_font=\u00a0\u00bb|600|||||||\u00a0\u00bb body_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb22&Prime; custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||20px|\u00a0\u00bb text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb 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box_shadow_blur_button_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_button_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500&Prime; vertical_offset_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; horizontal_offset_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; button_text=\u00a0\u00bbCONTACTEZ-NOUS!\u00a0\u00bb button_url=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.consortech.com\/fr\/contact\/\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Vous souhaitez obtenir de l&rsquo;aide pour tirer profit de vos donn\u00e9es LiDAR?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez les 4 \u00e9tapes dans FME permettant d&rsquo;int\u00e9grer simplement des donn\u00e9es LiDAR afin de mod\u00e9liser des b\u00e2timents en 3D. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":11101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,50,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-integrateion-de-donnees","category-traitement-de-donnees","category-trucs-et-astuces-fme"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mod\u00e9liser des b\u00e2timents en 3D \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es LiDAR en 4 \u00e9tapes avec FME | Consortech<\/title>\n<meta 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